| 摘要: |
| ［摘要］ 抗生素过度使用加速了细菌耐药性的发生发展。当前，细菌耐药性已成为威胁全球公共卫生健康的重要因素之一。细菌耐药性检测技术包括以经典方法为主的肉汤稀释法、琼脂稀释法、纸片扩散法和浓度梯度法等。随后出现了一系列物理、化学方法和分子生物学检测技术，包括微流控图像检测、飞行时间质谱等。随着高通量测序技术的发展，各类细菌耐药基因数据库的开发和完善，全基因组测序、宏基因组测序和微生物单细胞转录组测序等新技术已逐步应用于细菌耐药性检测领域。该文将细菌耐药性检测方法分为传统经典方法、分子生物学技术和高通量测序技术三大类，阐述各类技术方法的原理、优点和局限性。回顾和反思当前细菌耐药性检测的技术和方法，对于规范抗生素的使用至关重要，也为临床超级耐药菌的预防和监测提供新的技术支持。 |
| 关键词: 细菌耐药性 经典方法 分子生物学技术 高通量测序 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2022.10.04 |
| 分类号:R 446 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（编号：82202465） |
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| Research progress in the detection techniques and methods of bacterial drug resistance and drug-resistant genes |
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JIANG Gui-lai, YU Shu-yang, YU Wan-qian, et al.
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Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
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| Abstract: |
| ［Abstract］ The overuse of antibiotics accelerates the development of bacterial drug resistance. At present, bacterial drug resistance has become one of the important factors threatening global public health. The detection techniques of bacterial drug resistance include classical methods of broth dilution, agar dilution, disk diffusion and concentration gradient. Subsequently, a series of physical-chemical methods and molecular biology detection techniques emerge, including microfluidic image detection, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and other techniques. With the update of high-throughput sequencing technology, and the development and improvement of various bacterial drug-resistant genes databases, new technologies have been gradually applied in the field of bacterial drug resistance detection such as whole genome sequencing, metagenomic sequencing and microbial single-cell transcriptome sequencing. In this paper, the detection methods of bacterial drug resistance are divided into three categories: traditional classical methods, molecular biology techniques and high-throughput sequencing techniques, and the principles, advantages, and limitations of the technologies mentioned above are described. Reviewing and reflecting on the current techniques and methods of bacterial drug resistance detection is essential for standardizing the use of antibiotics and also for providing new technical support for the prevention and monitoring of clinical super-resistant bacteria. |
| Key words: Bacterial drug resistance Classical method Molecular biological technology High-throughput sequencing |
