| 摘要: |
| ［摘要］ 感染性眼病是临床常见的眼部疾病，尤其是在发展中国家，其发病率较高。在我国，由角膜感染引起的角膜盲发病率仅次于白内障。因感染原因和部位的不同，其临床表现和预后也不一。轻微的眼部感染仅引起眼部不适症状，如眼红、眼痒和异物感等，而严重感染会引起角膜溃疡、化脓、穿孔以及眼内炎等，从而影响患者视力，严重者甚至有失明和眼球摘除的风险。因此，对眼部感染性疾病进行规范化诊治尤为重要。临床上需要临床医师和检验医师运用各种检查方法和检测技术对眼部感染性疾病进行快速的病原学诊断，同时结合特征性的临床体征，才能实现对疾病的精准治疗。然而，由于眼部组织结构的特殊性，综合医院检验科技术人员对眼部标本特点不熟悉，眼科医师缺少实验室基本技能的培训等原因，导致感染性眼病的病原学诊断成为难点，尤其是眼部样本的采集和预处理成为最大的困扰。随着各种眼部特殊检查设备以及实验室新技术的引入，加快了病原学诊断的发展步伐，从而更好地为感染性眼病的诊疗提供客观依据。 |
| 关键词: 眼感染 病原学 诊断技术 样本处理 眼内液 基因组测序 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2021.03.03 |
| 分类号:R 77 |
| 基金项目:“艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治”科技重大专项项目（编号：2018ZX10201001） |
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| Standardizing etiological diagnostic pathways to promote precision medicine of ocular infections |
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ZHENG Mei-qin, ZHENG Qin-xiang, LOU Yong-liang, et al.
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Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Zhejiang 325027, China
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| Abstract: |
| ［Abstract］ Ocular infections are common clinical ocular diseases, and especially in developing countries, the incidence of the diseases is relatively high. In China, the incidence of corneal blindness caused by corneal infections is second only to cataract. The clinical presentations and prognoses of infectious diseases of the eyes vary according to the cause and site of infections. Mild ocular infections only cause symptoms of ocular discomfort such as red eyes, itchy eyes and foreign body sensations, whereas severe infections can lead to symptoms such as corneal ulcers, suppurative keratitis, corneal perforations and endophthalmitis, thereby affecting the patients′ visual acuity, and even leading to the risk of blindness and eye enucleation in severe cases. Therefore, it is particularly important to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of ocular infectious diseases. In clinical practice, clinicians and laboratory physicians need to use a variety of inspection methods and detection techniques for rapid etiological diagnosis of ocular infectious diseases, combining with the characteristic clinical signs, in order to achieve precision medical treatment of the diseases. However, due to the particularity of ocular tissue structures, the laboratory technicians in general hospitals are not familiar with the characteristics of ocular specimens, and ophthalmologists lack the training of basic laboratory skills, leading to the etiological diagnosis of ocular infectious diseases become difficult, especially the collection and pretreatment of eye samples become the biggest trouble. With the introduction of various special eye examination equipments and new laboratory technology, the development of etiological diagnosis has been accelerated, so as to better provide objective basis for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular infectious diseases. |
| Key words: Ocular infections Etiology Diagnostic techniques Sample treatment Intra-ocular fluid Metagenomic sequencing |
