| 摘要: |
| ［摘要］ 目的 探讨维持性血液透析（MHD）急性并发症的相关因素及防治对策。方法 回顾性分析MHD患者常见的急性并发症及处理措施。结果 3 881次MHD中发生急性并发症287次，发生率为7.40%（287/3881）。其中出现低血压21次（7.32%），高血压63次（21.95%），肌肉痛性痉挛112次（39.02%），心律失常8次（2.79%），失衡综合征4次（1.39%），首次使用综合征（或透析器反应）2次（0.70%），腹痛、胸痛、背痛39次（13.59%），低血糖、急性左心衰等其他并发症38次（13.24%）。全部病例给予及时有效的对症处理，287次均抢救成功。结论 MHD是尿毒症患者主要的肾脏替代治疗方法。虽然透析技术日益成熟，设备不断改进，但由于透析病例和高危患者的不断增多，发生多种并发症的可能性加大，应高度重视，勤巡视，细心观察，积极应对，及早发现，及时处理，保证透析质量，以提高患者的生活质量和生存率。 |
| 关键词: 尿毒症 血液透析 急性并发症 处理对策 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2014.04.23 |
| 分类号:R 69 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Treatment countermeasures of acute complication of maintenance hemodialysis |
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GUO De-yue
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Department of Nephrology, the People′s Hospital of Wenshan City, Yunnan 663000, China
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| Abstract: |
| ［Abstract］ Objective To explore the related factors and prevention or treatment of acute complication of maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients.Methods A retrospective study was performed of common acute complications and treatment measures in MHD.Results In 3881 case-times of MHD,acute complications were found in 287 case-times(7.40%, 287/3881). Of all the acute complications, there were 21 case-times of hypotension(7.32%), 63 case-times of hypertension(21.95%), 112 case-times of muscle cramps(39.02%), 8 case-times of arrhythmia(2.79%), 4 case-times of disequilibrium syndrome(1.39%), 2 case-times of first-use syndrome or dialyzer reaction(0.70%), 39 case-times of abdominal, chest or back pain(13.59%), 38 case-times of hypoglycemia acute left heart failure or other complication(13.24%). All of the complications were dealt with by giving symptomatic treatment.Conclusion MHD is a well-used renal replacement therapy of uremia. Although the technic and equipment are improving, complications become more and more complex due to the increase of MHD cases and high-risk patients. It is necessary to pay more attention to the complication and deal with it properly to ensure the quality of MHD to improve the patients′ life quality. |
| Key words: Uremia Hemodialysis Acute complication Treatment countermeasures |
