| 摘要: |
| ［摘要］ 目的 探讨家养宠物暴露对动物皮毛屑过敏儿童过敏性疾病的影响，以进一步了解宠物暴露与儿童过敏性疾病的关系，为临床诊疗提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2017年12月至2024年12月在清华大学北京清华长庚医院儿科门诊就诊的399例患有支气管哮喘、变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎、急性荨麻疹或变应性结膜炎，且动物皮毛屑血清吸入性变应原特异性免疫球蛋白E（sIgE）检测呈阳性的患儿的临床资料。根据是否存在家养宠物暴露史将患儿分为家养宠物暴露组（162例）和非家养宠物暴露组（237例）。比较两组患儿的性别、年龄、过敏性疾病种类、一级亲属过敏性疾病史、血清总免疫球蛋白E（IgE）及血清吸入性变应原sIgE等临床资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析支气管哮喘的影响因素。结果 399例患儿中，有变应性鼻炎、支气管哮喘、特应性皮炎、急性荨麻疹和变应性结膜炎的患儿分别为285例（71.43%）、171例（42.86%）、66例（16.54%）、45例（11.28%）和41例（10.28%），有家养宠物的患儿占40.60%。家养宠物暴露组患儿开始接触宠物到确诊过敏性疾病时间为2.70（2.00，4.00）年。家养宠物暴露组一级亲属有过敏性疾病史占比、血清总IgE水平、支气管哮喘患病率、合并2种及以上其他吸入性变应原的混合动物皮毛屑过敏检出率低于非家养宠物暴露组，年龄、过敏性疾病确诊年龄大于非家养宠物暴露组，单一动物皮毛屑过敏检出率高于非家养宠物暴露组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，家养宠物暴露是抑制支气管哮喘发生的保护因素（P<0.05），一级亲属有过敏性疾病史是支气管哮喘发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 在确诊为过敏性疾病前数年期间家养宠物暴露与动物皮毛屑过敏儿童支气管哮喘风险降低、过敏性疾病确诊年龄延迟、血清总IgE水平下降及多致敏减少存在显著关联。一级亲属有过敏性疾病史与患儿患支气管哮喘存在显著关联性。 |
| 关键词: 家养宠物 暴露 儿童 过敏性疾病 动物皮毛屑 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2026.06.13 |
| 分类号:R 725.6 |
| 基金项目:北京市卫生与健康科技成果和适宜技术推广项目（编号：TG-2017-41） |
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| Study on the impact of domestic pet exposure on allergic diseases in children with animal dander allergy |
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WANG Yuejiao1, YIN Xiaomei1, YUAN Ke1, ZHAO Zhipeng2, CHAO Shuang1
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1.Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; 2.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
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| Abstract: |
| ［Abstract］ Objective To explore the impact of domestic pet exposure on allergic diseases in children with animal dander allergy, and to further understand the relationship between pet exposure and allergic diseases in children and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 399 children with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, acute urticaria or allergic conjunctivitis who visited doctors in the pediatric outpatient clinic of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University from December 2017 to December 2024, and were positive for specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE) to animal dander in serum inhalant allergen testing. According to whether there was a history of exposure to domestic pets, the children were divided into domestic pet exposure group(162 children) and non-domestic pet exposure group(237 children). The clinical data, including gender, age, type of allergic diseases, a family history of allergic diseases in first-degree relatives, total serum IgE level, and sIgE to animal dander in serum inhalant allergen testing, were compared between the children in the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors for bronchial asthma. Results In the 399 children, 285 children(71.43%) had allergic rhinitis; 171 children(42.86%) had bronchial asthma; 66 children(16.54%) had atopic dermatitis; 45 children(11.28%) had acute urticaria, and 41 children(10.28%) had allergic conjunctivitis. In the 399 children, 40.60% of them had domestic pets. The time from initial pet contact to diagnosis of an allergic disease in the pet exposure group was 2.70(2.00, 4.00)years. Compared with the non-domestic pet exposure group, the domestic pet exposure group had a lower proportion of first-degree relatives with a history of allergic diseases, lower serum total IgE level, a lower prevalence of bronchial asthma, and a lower detection rate of mixed animal dander allergies combined with two or more other inhalant allergens, while the domestic pet exposure group was older, and had a later age at diagnosis of allergic disease, and a higher detection rate of single animal dander allergy, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to domestic pets was a protective factor for inhibiting the occurrence of bronchial asthma(P<0.05), while a family history of allergic diseases in first-degree relatives was a risk factor for bronchial asthma(P<0.05). Conclusion Exposure to domestic pets during the years before the diagnosis of allergic diseases is significantly associated with a reduced risk of bronchial asthma in children with animal dander allergy, a delayed age at diagnosis of allergic diseases, lower serum total IgE level, and a decrease in polysensitization. Additionally, a family history of allergic diseases in first-degree relatives is significantly associated with bronchial asthma in children. |
| Key words: Domestic pets Exposure Children Allergic diseases Animal danders |
